{"id":4261,"date":"2026-02-04T04:27:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T04:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bio-betterfarming.com\/?p=4261"},"modified":"2026-02-04T04:27:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T04:27:16","slug":"moi-truong-nuoi-trong-thuy-san-3-thach-thuc-quan-ly-va-giai-phap-sinh-hoc-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bio-betterfarming.com\/en\/moi-truong-nuoi-trong-thuy-san-3-thach-thuc-quan-ly-va-giai-phap-sinh-hoc-hieu-qua\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n: 3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3ng canh hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ao qu\u1ea3ng canh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c 1: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn<\/b><\/h2>\n

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V\u00ec sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 trong qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ao qu\u1ea3ng canh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ao th\u00e2m canh nh\u1ecf. B\u00f9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u00edch l\u0169y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c H2S. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. TNhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 ph\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1eddi gian. B\u00f9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y h\u1ebft s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho v\u1ee5 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y ao nu\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. S\u00ean v\u00e9t b\u00f9n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i vi sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c chlorine tuy nhanh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp b\u00f9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 s\u00e2u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 vi sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ph\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 t\u00f4m ngay, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1eeb b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c l\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t v\u1ee5 nu\u00f4i. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng\u00a0t\u00f4m n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c do qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y k\u00e9m. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y ao nu\u00f4i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng vi sinh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ao nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Vi sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u00f9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a protein, lipid v\u00e0 carbohydrate ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 amino acid, phosphate v\u00e0 nitrate m\u00e0 t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 phi\u00eau sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbp b\u00f9n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong ao.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc ao nu\u00f4i n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c H2S v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed. Vi sinh hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y oxy h\u00f3a H2S th\u00e0nh sulfate kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh metan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1y ao duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t v\u1ee5 nu\u00f4i, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4m.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m CM02 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ec7 vi sinh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u00a0S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa. V\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 1kg cho 1 hecta ao nu\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp ao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng 3-5 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 vi sinh c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u00f9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a CM02 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u00f9n \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t sau 15 ng\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1edbi l\u1edbp b\u00f9n gi\u1ea3m 60-70% v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1y ao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CM02 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1y d\u00e0y v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00f9i h\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y lu\u00f4n trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4m nu\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c 2: Duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c 40-50% v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 phi\u00eau sinh v\u1eadt, tr\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u1ed1c g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho t\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh sinh h\u1ecdc trong ao.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean 20-30% so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ea3o, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1edf t\u1ea3o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3o ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t do ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft oxy h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu oxy c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00f4m ch\u1ebft nhanh ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ao nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf s\u1eafc xanh l\u1ee5c nh\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ao thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng – l\u00fac qu\u00e1 trong thi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00fac qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5y l\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng vi sinh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vi sinh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ao nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt. T\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 Chlorella v\u00e0 Spirulina ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd nitrogen, phosphor v\u00e0 carbon m\u00e0 vi sinh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 lu\u00e2n tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 Artemia v\u00e0 \u1ed1c g\u1ea1o \u0103n c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cho t\u00f4m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i trong ao nu\u00f4i th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 vi sinh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Vi sinh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3o qua c\u1ea1nh tranh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i. M\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc xanh l\u1ee5c nh\u1ea1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 trong Secchi disk t\u1eeb 30-40cm, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea3 quang h\u1ee3p ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00f4m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf vi sinh gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n<\/b><\/h3>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m CM01 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ao nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho phi\u00eau sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, CM01 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00fap t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du sinh s\u00f4i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao nu\u00f4i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y t\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i gi\u1ea3m 30% chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p so v\u1edbi ao kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c 3: \u1ee8ng ph\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3ng canh l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ao l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ao th\u00e2m canh nh\u1ecf. Khi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ao nu\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1edd ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lan r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ao nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a. M\u01b0a l\u1edbn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. T\u00f4m b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c n\u1eb7ng, ng\u1eebng \u0103n v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng. N\u1eafng n\u00f3ng sau m\u01b0a l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, t\u1ea1o ra chu k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mu\u1ed9n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. Khi t\u00f4m ch\u1ebft r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea5u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 amoniac, nitrit v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c thay n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y stress th\u00eam cho t\u00f4m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111i mua v\u1ed9i, m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian qu\u00fd b\u00e1u trong khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u00f4m ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7m sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00f4m nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vi sinh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1o ra “h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7m sinh h\u1ecdc” cho ao nu\u00f4i. H\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. Vi sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, pH hay \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n. Khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ec7 vi sinh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap ao nu\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhanh h\u01a1n 2-3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m stress cho t\u00f4m khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. T\u00f4m nu\u00f4i trong ao c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 vi sinh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00edt b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 amoniac v\u00e0 nitrit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd chu tr\u00ecnh nit\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00f4m duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi trong nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi sinh<\/b><\/h3>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p CM01 v\u00e0 CM02 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cho nhau. CM02 t\u1eadp trung x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u00f9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ao nu\u00f4i. CM01 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00f4m lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CM01 v\u00e0 CM02 theo chu k\u1ef3 7-10 ng\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y ao nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ao nu\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t v\u1ee5. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ao, CM02 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng 3-5 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1eeb v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3 t\u00f4m, CM01 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho t\u00f4m gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 7-10 ng\u00e0y. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 2 tr\u1edf \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean CM02 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi CM01 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y l\u1eabn c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t do th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u con (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 H2S) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ngay r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p vi sinh.<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ba th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y ao di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn, duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ao nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m CM01 v\u00e0 CM02 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf. Khi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 vi sinh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ao nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3ng canh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ao khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3ng canh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hay c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t v\u1ee5 nu\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 BBF<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00d4NG TY TNHH BIO-BETTER FARMING<\/b><\/p>\n